摘要 :
A comprehensive test program was conducted to establish emulsified fuel screening test procedures,to obtain safety evaluation criteria,and to evaluate the safety performance of emulsified and gelled aviation fuels in a simulated f...
展开
A comprehensive test program was conducted to establish emulsified fuel screening test procedures,to obtain safety evaluation criteria,and to evaluate the safety performance of emulsified and gelled aviation fuels in a simulated full-scale crash environment. A series of screening tests was formulated and conducted to obtain fuel characteristics as a function of hot-surface ignition,wind shear,and impact dynamics associated with fuel breakup,atomization/dispersion,and ignition. The data obtained from these screening tests were used to establish emulsified fuel safety evaluation criteria. A simulated full-scale experiment was designed to simulate the full-scale helicopter crash environment adequately and,in addition,to be reproducibly controllable at minimal cost. The screening tests revealed that,for the emulsified fuels tested,safety was directly dependent upon the fuel yield stress and its internal phase base fuel. The data obtained from the simulated full-scale tests provided definition of a nonhazardous limiting value for the ignition susceptibility parameter. Further,tests were performed on gelled fuels to offer a comparison between the safety of emulsified and gelled fuels. Three of the emulsified fuels tested were found to result in a nonhazardous postcrash fire: EF8R-104H emulsion, EF8R-104emulsion,and Jet-A EXP-4emulsion. The gelled fuels did not perform as well as the emulsified fuels;however,one gel,Jet-A gel no. 1,indicated a sizeable advantage over liquid fuels. In summary,the results of this program confirmed that aircraft fuel emulsions can be formulated which are nonhazardous within the helicopter survivable crash limit envelope. (Author)
收起
摘要 :
In September 1986, the Fuels Branch of the Aero Propulsion Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, commenced an investigation of the potential of jet fuel production from the liquid by-product streams produced by the ...
展开
In September 1986, the Fuels Branch of the Aero Propulsion Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, commenced an investigation of the potential of jet fuel production from the liquid by-product streams produced by the gasification of lignite at the Great Plains Gasification Plant (GPGP) in Beulah, North Dakota. Funding has been provided to the Department of Energy (DOE) Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) to administer the experimental portion of this effort. This document reports the results of the effort by Burns and Roe Services Corporation/Science Applications International Corporation (BRSC/SAIC) to compile and review physical and chemical characterization data for the GPGP by-product liquids. This report describes the relative reliability of the various characterization data and indicates where specific limitations exist. Keywords: Turbine fuel, JP-4, JP-8, Great plains gasification plant, Tar oil, Crude phenols, Naphtha, Jet fuel, Chemical analysis. (JES)
收起
摘要 :
A gelled fuel was modified to achieve low viscosity at low shear while maintaining significant resistance to fire while in the misting condition. The modified gelled fuel has been rheologically profiled using a variety of rheomete...
展开
A gelled fuel was modified to achieve low viscosity at low shear while maintaining significant resistance to fire while in the misting condition. The modified gelled fuel has been rheologically profiled using a variety of rheometers. Test data on flowability,rheological characteristics,and simulated crash fire misting hazard are included in the report. (Author)
收起
摘要 :
Williams Research Corporation executed a five month design study of a small low-cost gas turbine engine assembly which can be used for on-board starting of aircraft propulsion engines. This report describes the low-cost starter, i...
展开
Williams Research Corporation executed a five month design study of a small low-cost gas turbine engine assembly which can be used for on-board starting of aircraft propulsion engines. This report describes the low-cost starter, its performance and the development tasks required to convert the design of reality.
收起
摘要 :
It is NASA's intent that its research and technology program be able to provide the data base needed to facilitate use of broadened-specification aviation turbine fuels should that be required as a result of a future disruption in...
展开
It is NASA's intent that its research and technology program be able to provide the data base needed to facilitate use of broadened-specification aviation turbine fuels should that be required as a result of a future disruption in petroleum supplies. This report contains the results of the assessment of the NASA program taking into account the general outlook for aviation turbine fuels, the effect that broadening permissible aviation turbine fuel properties could have on the overall availability of such fuels, the fuel properties most likely to be affected by use of lower grade petroleum crudes, and the research and technology required to ensure that aviation turbine fuels and engines can function satisfactorily with fuels having a range of fuel properties differing from those of current specification fuel.
收起
摘要 :
Fuel pump cavitation problems experienced with the F100 engine used in the F-15/F-16 aircraft have led to an extensive fuel analysis program to identify fuel properties that might be contributing to fuel pump failures. This report...
展开
Fuel pump cavitation problems experienced with the F100 engine used in the F-15/F-16 aircraft have led to an extensive fuel analysis program to identify fuel properties that might be contributing to fuel pump failures. This report analyzes the chemical and physical properties of twenty-one JP-4 fuel samples obtained from United States Air Force Bases. The fuels analyzed met specifications in all but a few isolated cases, and had no unusual properties. If the fuel used is causing fuel pump failure, it must be the result of a fuel property not being measured. The fuels are as good or better than the specification prescribes. It is concluded that the F100 fuel pump cavitation problems are most likely associated with the mechanical complexity built into the design, rather than the result of the fuel used.
收起
摘要 :
An experimental investigation was conducted on the addition of viscosity reducing additives to RJ-5 fuel. The tests were to determine if the additives hindered or improved the combustion efficiency of the basic RJ-5 fuel. The test...
展开
An experimental investigation was conducted on the addition of viscosity reducing additives to RJ-5 fuel. The tests were to determine if the additives hindered or improved the combustion efficiency of the basic RJ-5 fuel. The tests were conducted in a 12 inch diameter dump combustor with a L/D of 4, no flameholder and a 50% nozzle at three different inlet air temperatures. The fuels employed for the tests were JP-4, RJ-5, SI-80 (20% isobutylbenze and 80% RJ-5) and HDF-2 (21% exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and 79% RJ-5). At inlet air temperatures of 750 R pronounced differences in combustion efficiencies were observed for the four fuels. As the inlet air temperature was raised to 1250 R, these differences tended to become greatly diminished. (Author)
收起
摘要 :
An analytical investigation of the effects of fuel density and heating value on the cruising range of a ram-jet airplane was made. Results indicate that with present-day knowledge of chemical fuels, neither very high nor very low ...
展开
An analytical investigation of the effects of fuel density and heating value on the cruising range of a ram-jet airplane was made. Results indicate that with present-day knowledge of chemical fuels, neither very high nor very low fuel densities have any advantages for long-range flight. Of the fuels investigated, the borohydrides and metallic boron have the greatest range potential. Aluminum and aluminum hydrocarbon slurries were inferior to pure hydrocarbon fuel and boron-hydrocarbon slurries were superior on a range basis. It was concluded that the practical difficulties associated with the use of liquid hydrogen fuel cannot be justified on a range basis.
收起
摘要 :
Jet aircraft fuels are relatively stable and safe to handle. Therefore they are not readily adaptable to weapons applications. A study of the sensitization of the jet fuel with solid additives was carried out. Comparisons between ...
展开
Jet aircraft fuels are relatively stable and safe to handle. Therefore they are not readily adaptable to weapons applications. A study of the sensitization of the jet fuel with solid additives was carried out. Comparisons between the mixtures with the different solid additives were made. An investigation of different ignition methods was also made to find a practical means of igniting the mixture. The results indicated that the jet fuel could be sensitized using a strong oxidizer in conjunction with either magnesium or red phosphorous. The fuel can also be ignited with a combination of chemicals. (Author)
收起
